What are Advantages and Disadvantages of waterfall model

What are Advantages and Disadvantages of waterfall model
A: Easy to Understand and Coding, identifies deliverables and milestones, works well on mature products and weak teams Disadvantages: Requirements be completely
specified before the rest of the development. Read More!

What is Waterfall model

What is Waterfall model
A1:It is a Traditional Model, In this Requirements are Freezed in Each and every phase of SDLC
A2: This is the simplest of all the models in SDLC.In this process the phases are organized in a linear and sequential order Read More!

Difference between Product development and Project Development

Difference between Product development and Project Development
PRODUCT:
Developing a product without interactions to two client before the product release. End user may be unknown.
PROJECT:
Developing a product based on the client needs or requirements. Read More!

What is Testing?Why we use testing for software?

What is QA?Why we use testing for software QA?
Software Testing:
Testing is executing a program with an intention of finding errors.
Fault: Is a condition that causes the software to fail to perform its required function.
Error: Error refers to difference between actual output & expected output.
Failure: Is the inability of a system or component to perform the required function according to its specification.
WHY S/W TESTING?
To discover defects.
To avoid the user/customer from detecting problems.
To prove that the s/w has no defects.[ofcourse not 100% :) ]
To learn about the reliability of the software.
To ensure that product works as user expected.
To stay in business
To avoid being sued by customers
To detect defects early, which helps in reducing the cost of fixing those defects? Read More!

Different Blackbox testing interview questions

Different Blackbox testing interview questions
Blackbox Techniques:
Equivalence Class
Boundary Value Analysis
Error Guessing
Equivalence Class
For each piece of the specification, generate one or more equivalence class.
Label the classes as “valid” or “invalid”.
Generate one test case for each Invalid Equivalence Class.
Generate a test case that covers as many as possible equivalence classes.
Boundary values Analysis
Generate test cases for the boundary values.
Minimum value, minimum value+1, minimum value-1
Maximum value, Maximum value +1, Maximum value –1

Error Guessing:
Generate test cases against to the specification
Eg:For a text field it takes age limits only 40-60. But here we write test cases against to that like 30, 20, 70 & 65. Read More!

Backend testing,Database testing interview

Backend testing,Database testing interview
What is Data ? And How it is Importance to the Organization
A collection of facts, Pieces of information from which conclusions may be drawn.
Ex: Resumes for managing the human Resources..!
What is Database..?
The Collection of Interrelated Data is called Data Base.
Relational Database Concepts
RDBMS= DBMS +Referential Integrity (It is achieved through Foreign Key).
Referential Integrity :The existence of a value in one dataset is dependent on the existence of the same value in another linked dataset
Ex: Oracle, Sqlserver, Mysql follow RDBMS model.
What is Database Testing ?
Testing an application’s interface with a relational database.
Interface: SQL is nothing but Interface Between RDBMS and application so it lets us to extract, combine, manipulate, and organize data and many more….!
What should we Test in Data Base
Database testing basically include the following.
1)Data validity testing.
2)Data Integrity testing
3)Performance related to data base.
4)Testing of Procedure, triggers and functions.
Data validity testing:
Data validity testing: Testing the correctness and reasonableness of data.
Ex: Account no falling within range, numeric data being all digits, dates having valid months
Note: Data validity errors are more common and most difficult to detect.
Errors in data validity are caused by End user/ by who enters Ex: 13/25/2006
Data Integrity testing:
Date integrity is nothing but enforcing the business rules (facts/data) into database table is called data integrity
Types of Data Integrity :
Entity Integrity: can be achieved through Primary Key and Unique Key Constraints.
Should be tested: whether it is taking duplicate values, Whether it is taking null values.
Domain Integrity: can be achieved through Not null, Default, Check .
Should be tested: Whether it is taking default values even though if we won’t give, checking the values in the column. Ex: age column should take < 60.
Referential Integrity: can be achieved through Foreign Key.
Should be tested : Checking Whether "child" rows are deleted or not when a parent row is deleted from parent table.
For performance related Testing in DB:
Indexes are used to increase the performance.
It is nothing but ordered list of values taken from one or more columns in the tables and organized in to b_tree structure
Need to test: whether we have created index on column for particular table or not.
Why back end testing is so important
A back end is the engine of any client/server system. If the back end malfunctions, it may cause system deadlock, data corruption, data loss and bad performance. Many front ends log on to a single SQL server. A bug in a back end may put serious impact on the whole system. Too many bugs in a back end will cost tremendous resources to find and fix bugs and delay the system developments.
It is very likely that many tests in a front end only hit a small portion of a back end. Many bugs in a back end cannot be easily discovered without direct testing.
Back end testing has several advantages
The back end is no longer a "black box" to testers. We have full control of test coverage and depth. Many bugs can be effectively found and fixed in the early development stage. Take Forecast LRS as an example; the number of bugs in a back end was more than 30% of total number of bugs in the project. When back end bugs are fixed, the system quality is dramatically increased.
Differences between back end testing and front end testing
It is not easier to understand and verify a back end than a front end because a front end usually has friendly and intuitive user interfaces.
A back end has its own objects, such as, tables, stored procedures and triggers. Data integrity and protection is critical. Performance and multi-user support are big issues. Slowness in operation can be vital to the project’s future.
There are no sufficient tools for back end testing. SQL language is mainly a testing tool. MS Access and MS Excel can be used to verify data but they are not perfect for testing. However, there are a large number of test tools available for front end testing.
To be able to do back end testing, a tester must have strong background in SQL server and SQL language. It is relatively difficult to find testers who understand both SQL server and SQL testing. This causes a shortage of back end testers.

Back end testing phases,database testing phases
There are several phases in back end testing. The first step is to acquire design specifications for an SQL server. The second step is test specification design. The next step is to implement the tests in this design with SQL code. The test specification design should contain information concerning component testing (individual pieces of the system), regression testing (previously known bugs), integration testing (several pieces of the system put together), and then the entire system (which will include both front and back ends).
Component testing will be done early in the development cycle. Integration and system tests (including interfaces to front ends and nightly processes) are performed after the component tests pass. Regression testing will be performed continuously throughout the project until it is finished. The back end usually does not have an independent beta test, as it only exercised by the front end during the beta test period. The last step is to deliver users a quality product.
Back end test methodology
Back end test methodology has many things in common with front end testing and API testing. Many test methods can be used for back end testing. Structural testing and functional testing are more effective approaches in back end testing. They are overlapped in some test cases. However, the two methods may discover different bugs. We strongly recommend testers to do both types of testing. There are many other test methods that can be applied to back end testing. We list a few below. For other test methods, please check other test design references.
Structural testing
A back end can be broken down into a finite number of testable pieces based on a back end’s structure. Tests will verify each and every object in a type of structure.
Functional testing
A back end can be broken down into a finite number of testable pieces based on application’s functionality. The test focus is on functionality of input and output but not on the implementation and structure. Different projects may have different ways to break down.
Boundary testing
Many columns have boundary conditions. For example, in a column for percentages, the value cannot be less than zero and cannot be greater than 100%. We should find out these types of boundary conditions and test them.
Stress testing
It involves subjecting a database to heavy loads. For incidence, many users heavily access the same table that has a large number of records. To simulate this situation, we need to start as many machines as possible and run the tests over and over. Read More!

Database testing interview questions faqs

Database testing interview questions faqs
• What is SQL and where does it come from?
• What are the difference between DDL, DML and DCL commands?
• How does one escape characters when building SQL queries?
• How does one eliminate duplicate rows from a table?
• How does one generate primary key values for a table?
• How does one get the time difference between two date columns?
• How does one add a day/hour/minute/second to a date value?
• How does one count different data values in a column?
• How does one count/sum RANGES of data values in a column?
• Can one retrieve only the Nth row from a table?
• Can one retrieve only rows X to Y from a table?
• How does one select EVERY Nth row from a table?
• How does one select the TOP N rows from a table?
• How does one code a tree-structured query?
• How does one code a matrix report in SQL?
• How does one implement IF-THEN-ELSE in a select statement?
• How can one dump/ examine the exact content of a database column?
• Can one drop a column from a table?
• Can one rename a column in a table?
• How can I change my Oracle password?
• How does one find the next value of a sequence?
• Workaround for snapshots on tables with LONG columns
• Where can one get more info about SQL? Read More!

Testing Interview questions and answers

Testing Interview questions and answers,Testing faqs
1.How many trigger events are there in recovery operation?
4
1) Popup Window 2) Object State 3) Application Crash 4) Test Run Error.
2. How many types are there to split the actions?
1)Independent and
2)Nested (Parent-Child.)
3. What is meant by Source Control?
4. Give one example where you have used Regular Expression?
05/19/2004 (mm/dd/yyyy)
RegularExpression:[0-1][0-9]/[0-3][0-9]/200[0-9]
5.How to instruct QTP to display errors and other description in the test results instead of halting execution by throwing error in the mid of execution due to an error (for example Object not found)?
1)Recovery Scenario
2)LogFiles
6.What is the Extension For Shared Object Repository
.tsr
7. What is the default Sync time out.
20000 ms
8. What is the Difference between SystemUtil And InvokeApplication?
1)Using SystemUtil we can make use of the different methods such as Run or Close , whereas in InvokeApplication we can only open the apllication.
2)InvokeApplication method can open only executable files
9.What is the Difference Between GetRo Property and GetToProperties?
1)You use the GetROProperty method to retrieve the current value of a test object property from a run-time object in your application
2) GetTo Property Returns the collection of properties and values used to identify the object.
10. What is the Difference Between Call to copy of Action and Call to Existing Action?
If u do any Enhancements in Existing Action It will Affect to the Main Tests where as in the Copy of Action ,The Main Test will not Get Affected.
11. What is the extension for ‘Per Action’ object Repository?
.mtr
12. How Object Repository will Learn the Objects from Application?
Based on Physical Desc And the logical Name
13. How many types are there in Run Mode?
2
1)Fast 2) Normal
14. How do You Change the Logical Name of the Object in Test Script?
By Renaming the object in The Repository.
15. What is the Diffrence Between the Wait and sync Time?
"Wait" statement is used to instruct QuickTest to wait for a window to open or an object to appear.where as "Sync" Waits for the browser to complete the current navigation. Read More!

Load runner interview questions faqs

Load runner Interview questions ,Testing with loadrunner faqs:
1. Which protocol has to be selected for recording/playback a Visual Basic application?
2. What kind of problem we can face regarding hardware, software, and network and
memory bottleneck during the performance test?
3. What is a LoadRunner Agent? Why is it used? Where does the Agent run?
4. What is the use of RCL is performance testing conducted by LoadRunner? Distinguish between the exact functionality of RCL vs. LR Agent?
5. How much memory is utilized per VUSER?
6. How can set the number of virtual users in Load Runner?
7. How would you plan, execute and analyze performance test case?
8. What is extended log in load runner?
9. What is co-relation in load runner?
10. How to call win runner script in LoadRunner?
11. What enables the controller and the host to communicate with each other in Load
Runner?
12. What protocols does LoadRunner support?
13. What are all the functions available in LoadRunner to do the correlation?
14. What is load runner controller?
15. What is load runner API function?
16. Where you insert the rendezvous point?
17. What is transaction performance graph? Read More!

Different Phases in QTP Testing

Different Phases in QTP Testing
QTP process consists of 7 main phases
i)Preparing to record
Test Environment
Test Conditions
ii)Recording a session on your application
Navigate according to Test Conditions
iii)Enhancing your test
Adding logic and conditional statements
Parameterization
Inserting checkpoints
iv)Debugging your test
Check that it operates smoothly and without interruption.
v)Run Test
Check the behavior of your application
vi)Analyzing the test results
vii)Reporting defects
QTP High-level features
Object Spy
Object Repository
Tree View
Expert View
Active Screen Technology
Data Tables (Global, Local)
Object Identification
Recovery
Various Add ins Read More!

Testing Interview Questions ,Testing Faqs

Testing Interview Questions ,Testing Faqs
1] Record and playback - drawbacks
Test scripts contains hard-coded values.
This is not a viable cost-effective test automation approach for long term.
2] Difference between Image and Bitmap checkpoint
Image Checkpoint Checks the whole Image whereas in bitmap checkpoint we can check the selected area of image/page
3] What is the Automation framework you are following?
Keyword driven/Datadriven approach, Functional decomposition.
4] Write one line code - to Get value from Datatable in the script
1)strText = DataTable("ColumnHeading", dtGlobalSheet)
2)strText=datatable("column Name")
5] Write one line code - to Connect to Excel
1)DataTable.Import "FilePath"
2)CreateObject("Excel.Application")
6] Explain Descriptive Programming, why do you go for that?
1)We can run the script without object repository.
2) Based on Properties and prop's Values .
7] How many actions can we write in a Test?
1) "N" no of Actions
8] What do u mean by Compile Module?
Compile Module in Win Runner is Same as library file. Collection of functions.
9] How will you declare a variable to access in multiple actions?
1)Parameters
2)Environment Variables.(User Defined).
10] What are associated files in QTP?
With QTP you can create VBScript library files containing VBScript functions, subroutines, classes, modules, etc., and then associate the files with your test
11] What is the difference between Object Repository and Object SPY?
Object Repository stores objects and gives basic properties and Object SPY gives in detail all the run-time and Test object properties associated with an object and to view the syntax for a selected method.
12] How to handle java tree in QTP?
To handle java tree, we must have Java Addin. After adding java addin we must go to object configuration and do some configurations
13] What are the different test status messages?
Done, Pass, Fail and Warning
14] What is the extension for the test version of Script? .mts
15] What are the types of ordinal identifier?
Index Property, Location Property, Creation Time Property Read More!

Different types of Testing

Different types of Testing
1.Black Box Testing
Black box testing is also called as functionality testing. In this testing testers will be asked to test the correctness of the functionality with the help of inputs & valid outputs.
Black box testing not based on any knowledge of internal design or code. Tests are based on requirements & functionality.
2.White box testing:
White box testing also called as Structural Testing. White box testing based on knowledge of the internal logic of an application’s code. Tests are based on coverage of code, statements, branches, paths, conditions & loops.
Structure = 1 Entry + 1 Exit with certain constrains, conditions and loops.
3.Grey box testing
This is just a combination of both black box and white box testing. Tester should have the knowledge of both the internal and externals of the function.
Tester should have good knowledge of white box testing & complete knowledge of black box testing
Grey box testing is especially important with web & Internet applications, because the Internet is built around loosely integrated components that connect via relatively well-defined interfaces. Read More!